Archive for December, 2007
Investing In Residential Real Estate: What the media or the gurus won’t tell you
December 21, 2007Many Homeowners in Foreclosure Believe in Magic
December 21, 2007Foreclosure is a financial and legal issue. If you attack the issue from a financial standpoint, you must to have cash to pay your mortgage. If you attack it from a legal standpoint, you must be able to find a flaw in the foreclosure lawsuit to dismiss it. I don’t see any other way of stopping foreclosure.
If you are facing foreclosure at this moment, you are inundated by letters from foreclosure assistance companies that charge outrageous amounts of money to negotiate with your lender; the majority of these companies are a scam.
You also get creative letters from so-called “investors” offering free advice and with the intention to make you sell your home to them at a deep discount using deceptive kitchen table closings in which they make you sign mysterious paperwork (land trusts, etc) that basically transfer the title/deed of your home to them sometime taking over your mortgage payments and leaving the loan liability on your name. Some of this “investors” also offer very deceptive “lease-back” arrangements in which they let you stay in your home as a tenant, and they pray that you stop paying rent so that they can evict you so that they can take possession of your house. You also get letters from Realtors® who are trying to make you list your home for sale and paint a rosy picture of the real estate market and the value of your home (Read National Consumer Law Center’s report “Dreams Foreclosed;” one of the best studies recently written about the rampant theft of American’s homes through equity-stripping foreclosure rescue scams).
Last but not least dangerous, you get letters from nice attorneys offering free consultations to make you file Chapter 13 bankruptcy; what these attorneys don’t tell you is that based on research (see studies: The Realities of U.S. Personal Bankruptcy under Chapter 13, and Chapter 13 Bankruptcy: Successful Versus Unsuccessful Debtors) the overwhelming majority of Chapter 13 filers do not complete their payment plans and are not discharged.
You will also find on the internet a proliferation of eBooks that promise to stop foreclosure magically with names such as “Foreclosure Free Zone,” “The Fight Of Your Life: How To Beat The Foreclosure Demons Smart Solutions For Saving Your Home,” “Avoid Foreclosure And Fix Credit Problems,” ”Foreclosure Help – Don’t Let The Bank Take Your Home!“ In my research, I’ve even bought some of these type of eBooks just to see what’s so magical about them, and found that they don’t have any information that isn’t common sense and readily available for free online. All the advice in these books fall into these categories: 1) Talk to your lender, 2) Sell your home, 3) File for Chapter 13 bankruptcy protection, and 4) Refinance/Get a loan. None of these books, nor the Chapter 13 attorney, nor the Realtors®, nor the “investors” in their white horses tell you about your legal rights and how you can defend yourself from the abuse of the debt collector attorneys.
Foreclosure is a financial and legal issue. If you attack the issue from a financial standpoint, you must to have cash to pay your mortgage regardless of negotiating a payment plan with your lender yourself or through a foreclosure assistance/consulting company. Bear in mind that when negotiating a payment plan with your lender (sometimes called Forbearance Agreement) , you may be required to come up with a lump sum (usually half of your past-due payments) and proof of income. It’s very simple; if you have sufficient cash and/or income to pay your monthly mortgage obligation, it’s very likely you can negotiate something with your lender to stop foreclosure. If you don’t have the cash and/or the income, you will have to attack the issue from a legal standpoint.
If you attack the issue from a legal standpoint, you must learn about your legal rights and, preferably with the help of a consumer protection attorney (www.naca.net), find a technical or legal flaw in the lawsuit to have it dismissed. These flaws could be hidden in the lender’s debt collection attorney not following your state’s rules of civil procedures (for instance: You were served improperly) or by digging into the foreclosure complaint and court docket to see if there is an actual plaintiff’s proof of ownership of the promissory note, or if the original promissory note has been filed in the court records, or any of the other twenty-something reasons that that could render a judgment void or invalid.
There is no magic in foreclosure. If a homeowner doesn’t pay his or her mortgage, the lender will foreclose on their homes. There is no magical negotiation with a lender that can be done without cash at hand and/or ability to pay supported by proof of income. There is a lot of literature on the internet and in bookstores about the debt collection industry, on how to stop foreclosure negotiating with the mortgage lenders, about how debt collections works, about what to expect from debt collectors, etc, etc. However there is little information about how to navigate the legal system, on how to file pleadings and motions and on how to execute the steps necessary to win the debt collection/foreclosure battle in court. Almost nobody explains to homeowners in simple terms how the legal system works and how they can use it to your advantage to win debt collection lawsuits.
Homeowners’ Dilemma: To be or not to be in Foreclosure
December 21, 2007According to several experts, the residential real estate market is poisoned to deflate at around 40%-50% in many areas of the country, specially in high speculative areas such as in California, Florida, Arizona, etc. Furthermore, foreclosures will greatly increase in the country according to several statistics and projections. It doesn’t take more than to look at the work of the prominent economist H.S. Dent (http://www.hsdent.com) or doing a quick search in a bookstore for a myriad of recent economic books that talk about the upcoming Greater American Depression.
Many homeowners have a very difficult decision to make in these historical economic times. Their properties are in a position now that it’ll be extremely difficult to make them cash flow positive as rentals, and/or to sell them for more than what their underlining mortgages are. It’s overwhelming to see the amount of new investors created during the 2001-2005 residential real estate boom. These investors where speculators with little investment education who wanted to jump on the train of quick real estate appreciation; in many occasions renting their properties out and getting negative cash flow in exchange for hopes of future appreciation. They ignored well known facts in the professional investment world: In order to get positive cash flow, most of the time you need to buy in the rare market where high cap rates are the norm (annual net operating income divided by property price. For example, a $1,000,000 property with $60,000 of net operating income per year has a cap rate of $60,000 ÷ $1,000,000 = 6%.). Such markets are usually severely depressed like Anchorage or Oklahoma City in the late 80’s. The reason tenants are willing to pay more to rent than they would have to pay to own in such markets is that they believe property values are falling or level, in which case not owning is a good idea in spite of the high rent.
Even then, the positive-cash-flow situation is typically a brief window that lasts only six months to a year. Positive cash flow is so rare and so desirable that it attracts out-of-area investors. Their coming into Anchorage or Oklahoma City or wherever drives the prices up so that high cap rates are no longer available.
The other way to achieve positive cash flow is to make a bargain purchase like at a foreclosure auction or out of probate. In that case, you have a low loan-to-value ratio, even though your loan-to-purchase-price ratio may not be low. When you achieve a positive cash flow through a bargain purchase, you generally should sell out soon because your extraordinary amount of equity will result in your return on equity being low.
Return on your investment is interesting to look at initially, but after purchase, you should switch to looking at your return on current equity. Dividing current net operating income by past purchase price is a misleading apples-and-oranges comparison. Return on investment (down payment and closing costs) will be high initially and climb higher if you bought right; but return on current equity (current market value of property less current mortgage balances), which is the correct denominator, will show a low and falling rate of return. That tells you to redeploy your money to where it can earn a higher return.
Basic financial education suggests that It doesn’t make sense to continue investing in an asset that is rapidly deteriorating in value to the point where a property will perhaps be worth about 40%-50% less than what it was bought for. What perhaps started as an asset with some equity when the homeowners purchased the property, is now a draining financial liability.
The most recommended approach now for property owners trapped with negative cash flow rental properties or trapped in a personal residence they can’t sell with or without equity, would be to speak with the mortgage lenders about possible options; banks should be nowadays more willing to negotiate financial loan terms in order to avoid foreclosure (be aware that most banks don’t offer much assistance unless a homeowner is already behind in his/her payments and has been sued with a foreclosure complaint).
If the homeowner decides to stop paying the monthly mortgage obligation, after 3-4 months of no mortgage payments, the lenders will start legal foreclosure proceedings, and in about 6 months or so (depending on the state laws where the property is and how busy is for a trustee or the county court house to schedule a sale due to the present high volume of homes in foreclosure), his/her property(ies) will be sold at public auction. At the public auction, is very common nowadays that no private/individual buyer bids and purchases the property(ies), thus forcing the lender to take the property(ies) back and try to sell them in the open market with a real estate agent (which doesn’t guarantee that the properties will be sold anytime soon). After the homeowner is sued and before the property(ies) are sold at the foreclosure auction, the homeowner can have a local real estate agent list them for sale in the MLS (Multiple Listing Service), and if the agent is lucky enough to find a buyer before the foreclosure auction takes place, the lender could accept what is called a “short-sale” in which the lender accept a lesser payoff amount than what the homeowner owes as a payoff in his/her mortgage, so that the lender can avoid more loses in the future. Homeowners must contact their lenders directly to request a short-sale package to be sent by fax and/or mail. Roughly, the steps for a short-sale are the following:
- Request a short-sale package from both lien holders.
- Get a buyer for the property; preferably at a price close to the fair market value of the home
- Submit to lien holders short-sale packages with requested information (preliminary HUD-1, hardship letter, W2’s, bank statements, income tax returns, purchase and sale agreement with a new buyer, etc)
- Obtain approval by both lien holders individually in the form of a payoff letter. Make sure that in the payoff letter the lenders waive their rights to a mortgage deficiency judgment
- Submit payoff letter(s) to closing agent.
- Close on the purchase.
Many homeowners across the country are faced with this dilemma: They either keep their high credit scores and get stressed and financially drained with a depreciating asset that will probably be worth 40%-50% less than when purchased, or get rid of the assets in foreclosure, get rid of the stress, and keep their hard-earned cash to buy more properties in 2012-2014 or so when the market is perhaps expected to hit bottom and they will be able to create massive wealth in the upturn of the new real estate cycle that will probably peak in 2022-2023 or so.
Bankruptcy is another option, however, an attorney should be sought for it. If you are considering filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy protection, be aware of something that your attorney will perhaps not tell you: Based on research papers, the overwhelming majority of Chapter 13 filers do not complete their payment plans and are not discharged (see The Realities of U.S. Personal Bankruptcy under Chapter 13, Hülya Eraslan Wenli Li and Pierre-Daniel Sarte, February 14, 2007 and Chapter 13 Bankruptcy: Successful Versus Unsuccessful Debtors, David A. Evans, Utah State University and Jean M. Lown, Utah State University, 2003)
Since, I’m neither a financial advisor, nor a legal advisor, I’m not legally suitable to recommend a course of action and this is a very intimate and personal decision based on the homeowner’s personal priorities in life. They have to arrive at their own conclusions based on the facts that I’m providing and other facts that they accumulate in their research.
Debt Collection Attorneys Beware: Debtors Are Learning The Law To Fight For Their Rights
December 1, 2007As record numbers of homeowners default on their mortgages, questionable practices among lenders are coming to light in courts, leading some legal specialists to contend that companies instigating foreclosures may be taking advantage of imperiled borrowers. In the last past weeks there have been important events unknown by many homeowners and individuals facing debt collection lawsuits. In a study of foreclosures, Katherine Porter of the University of Iowa found questionable fees on almost half of the loans and discovered that though bankruptcy laws require documentation that a creditor has a claim on the property, 4 out of 10 claims in Ms. Porter’s study did not attach such a promissory note. The second event is a court ruling on October 31, 2007 in which a federal judge in Ohio has ruled against a longstanding foreclosure practice, potentially creating an obstacle for lenders trying to reclaim properties from troubled borrowers and raising questions about the legal standing of investors in mortgage securities pools. The third event is another ruling on November 15, 2007 by a federal judge in Ohio who has given lenders 30 days to prove that they own the promissory notes on the properties they intend to seize from troubled homeowners in 27 other cases. In a fourth event according to the New York Times article dated November 28, 2007 and titled “Foreclosures by Lender Investigated,” the federal agency monitoring the bankruptcy courts has subpoenaed Countrywide Financial, the nation’s largest mortgage lender and loan servicer, to determine whether the company’s conduct in two foreclosures in southern Florida represented abuses of the bankruptcy system.
The sighting of a robin does not make a spring, nor do the actions of four judges constitute a trend. Nevertheless, the fact that some courts are taking a harder look at foreclosure practices may foretell a shift in attitudes. In the fourth event involving Countrywide, there is every indication that Countrywide was not alone in the practices at issue. So what makes this story interesting is that it is another example of a subtle shift in power in the judicial system. The plaintiffs have considerably more resources than the mortgage holders (the homeowners), most of whom cannot mount a fight; but judges may be starting to recognize that that power imbalance has led many banks to be sloppy, presumptuous, and at times extortionate, and at least a few jurists are holding their feet to the fire. In this case, the issue was charges Countrywide added to mortgage balance in two bankruptcy filings. When the borrowers objected, Countrywide did not appear at the hearing, leading the judge to remove those costs. Countrywide’s failure to respond piqued the interest of the bankruptcy trustee, leading to the investigation. Note the judge ruled against Countrywide’s objections to trustee’s subpoenas.
The media needs to bring to the public eye that It has long been a common practice for lenders to bring foreclosure proceedings without attaching proof of ownership of the underlying note. Tracking down such documentation may be more challenging because of securitization, the pooling of mortgages into trusts that are subsequently sold to investors. The proliferation of legal education books and events such as the ones named above are a waking call for the lending and legal industries; thus making the job of a debt collector attorney more difficult after enjoying decades of easy judgments against individuals who don’t know their rights. As Ms Porter’s study suggests, if one were to carefully analyze debt collection cases, one would probably discover that many of them lack legal standing due to insufficient proof of claims. The amount of debt collection void judgments in our courthouses is perhaps so vast, that it’s almost impossible to estimate how many there are. If every void judgment were vacated with damages, the whole financial and legal system would crumble perhaps representing an unprecedented shift in wealth.